What defines the legislative powers for federal and state governments in Australia?

The legislative powers for federal and state governments in Australia are defined by the Constitution, which outlines the specific areas in which each level of government has the authority to legislate. The Australian Constitution divides powers into exclusive powers, which are solely held by the federal government, and concurrent powers, which can be exercised by both federal and state governments. This framework is fundamental in determining the roles and responsibilities of each level of government, ensuring a system of checks and balances.

Factors such as trade agreements, budget allocations, and tax policies do not inherently define the legislative powers themselves. Instead, they are applications or outcomes of the powers granted within the Constitution. Understanding this division is crucial for grasping how governance operates in Australia and the legal boundaries within which both federal and state authorities function.