What does horizontal equity mean in terms of taxation?

Horizontal equity in taxation refers to the principle that individuals with similar ability to pay should owe the same amount in taxes. This means that taxpayers earning the same income should bear an equal tax burden, ensuring fairness among those in similar financial situations. This principle is grounded in the belief that equity in tax systems is vital for social justice, as it treats individuals in comparable circumstances equally.

The other options are not aligned with the concept of horizontal equity. Different tax rates for varying income levels suggest a system of vertical equity rather than horizontal equity, which inherently focuses on equal treatment of similarly situated individuals. High-income earners paying less tax contradicts the principle of horizontal equity, as it would create disparities among those with similar income levels. Lastly, the elimination of tax liabilities does not relate to a fairness principle in taxation but rather suggests a complete lack of taxation, which is not relevant to the discussion of equity among taxpayers.