What is the term used for when a government borrows funds due to non-surplus budgets?

The term that describes when a government borrows funds due to non-surplus budgets is "Budget Deficit." When a government's expenditures exceed its revenues, it results in a budget deficit, prompting the government to borrow money to cover the shortfall. This borrowing can take the form of issuing government bonds or other financial instruments.

In contrast, while "Government Bonding" might refer to the process of issuing bonds, it does not specifically encapsulate the concept of borrowing due to a deficit. "Government Borrower" is not a standard economic term used to describe this situation but rather a general phrase that doesn’t convey the specific financial context. Similarly, "Fiscal Shortfall" indicates a shortfall in funds but is less commonly used and doesn't specifically convey the act of borrowing due to budget constraints. Therefore, "Budget Deficit" accurately represents the relationship between government borrowing and its financial situation when operating with a non-surplus budget.