What term refers to the assumption that all other factors remain constant in analysis?

The term that refers to the assumption that all other factors remain constant in analysis is "Ceteris Paribus." This Latin phrase translates to "all other things being equal" and is a fundamental concept in economics. It allows economists to isolate the effect of a single variable, such as price or quantity, without the interference of other changing factors. For example, when examining the relationship between the price of a product and the quantity demanded, one might assume ceteris paribus to ignore any changes in consumer income, preferences, or prices of related goods. This simplification is crucial for understanding direct relationships within economic models and theories.

The other terms do not represent this assumption. Market equilibrium refers to the state where supply equals demand in a market. Demand elasticity describes how sensitive the quantity demanded of a good is to a change in price. Price control involves regulations set by authorities to manage the prices of goods and services in a market. Thus, these concepts serve different purposes and do not capture the essence of holding other factors constant in analysis.