Which of the following represents the bases for taxation that include income and consumption?

The term that represents the bases for taxation, which includes both income and consumption, is tax bases. Tax bases refer to the different categories of economic activities or sources from which tax revenue can be collected. Income taxes are levied on earnings, while consumption taxes apply to goods and services purchased. This broad category encompasses various forms of taxation that governments use to generate revenue.

In contrast, the other choices define specific concepts within the realm of taxation. Revenues refer to the total income generated by taxation, rather than the bases themselves. Direct taxes are those levied directly on individuals or organizations, such as income taxes, but they do not encompass consumption taxes. Similarly, indirect taxes are imposed on goods and services, such as sales taxes and VAT, and do not include income-related taxation. Therefore, tax bases effectively captures the full spectrum of sources, both income and consumption-related, utilized for taxation purposes.