Which term refers to government powers not specified for federal or state levels?

The term that refers to government powers not specified for federal or state levels is known as residual powers. These powers are essentially those that are not explicitly allocated to the federal government by the constitution or to the states. In federal systems, such as that of Australia, powers are divided between different levels of government, and any powers that remain unassigned effectively default to the states. This means that states have the authority to legislate on matters that are not explicitly outlined as under the purview of the federal government, thus enabling them to exercise a set of powers that can often vary significantly from one state to another.

The other terms do not accurately capture this meaning. Public sector powers generally refer to the powers exercised by government entities in the management of resources and services. Exclusive powers are those that are specifically granted to one level of government; they are not available to the other level. Concurrent responsibilities pertain to areas where both levels of government can legislate, hence these do not capture the concept of powers that are specifically left unassigned.